21 Most Iconic Rembrandt Paintings To Know in 2024
The many Rembrandt paintings are stunning and moving representations of pure genius. You don’t have to be an art history buff or a museum curator to recognize and appreciate Rembrandt’s art, one of the most famous painters today. This article will cover Rembrandt van Rijn, by far one of the more interesting and pioneering artists of the 17th century, and his many paintings that still touch the souls of modern viewers.
Use this comprehensive guide to prepare for your visit to the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam or the National Gallery of Art in D.C. or other museums where Rembrandts are on display. Get answers to questions like, “What are original Rembrandt paintings worth?” and “What was Rembrandt's most famous piece?” Marvel in the majesty of the Rembrandt paintings with an understanding of who the man was and how his works stand the test of time.
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Who Was Rembrandt?
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606–1669) was a pivotal figure in the world of art and one of the most celebrated painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Born in the city of Leiden, Netherlands, Rembrandt displayed extraordinary artistic talent from a young age, studying with local masters before moving to Amsterdam, where his reputation flourished. Rembrandt paintings were masterful and the painter became known not only for his masterful paintings but also for his skill in etching and drawing, producing some of the most innovative and powerful works of his time.
Rembrandt paintings are marked by the painter's unique ability to capture the complexities of human emotion, using light and shadow to create striking depth and mood. His portraits, biblical scenes and landscapes are filled with psychological insight, often exploring themes of vulnerability, grief and joy with remarkable realism. However, despite his artistic success, Rembrandt faced significant personal challenges. He endured the loss of his wife, Saskia, and several of his children and experienced severe financial difficulties, which led to bankruptcy later in life.
Nevertheless, Rembrandt continued to create profound and influential works until his death in 1669. His legacy as a master of chiaroscuro and a storyteller through art remains unparalleled. The top Rembrandt paintings had a major influence on later artists, and his works are held in high regard for their technical brilliance, emotional depth and innovative use of composition. Rembrandt's art transcends time, making him one of history's most important and revered artists.
What was Rembrandt known for?
Rembrandt is known for his mastery of portraiture, biblical and mythological scenes, self-portraits and historical paintings. The use of chiaroscuro in the top Rembrandt paintings is especially notable and gives his works a distinctive intensity. According to The National Gallery, “Chiaroscuro is an Italian term which literally means 'light-dark.' In paintings, the description refers to clear tonal contrasts which are often used to suggest the volume and modeling of the subjects depicted.” Rembrandt paintings capture human emotion and detail excellently through the use of chiaroscuro. This made him a standout among Dutch painters.
What was Rembrandt's most famous piece?
Arguably, one of the most famous Rembrandt paintings is The Night Watch (1642), a large group portrait of a militia company. This painting is celebrated for its dynamic composition, innovative use of light and shadow and lifelike portrayal of the subjects. It remains a symbol of his artistic brilliance and is one of the most notable examples of his use of Chiaroscuro.
How many Rembrandt paintings exist?
It’s estimated that Rembrandt created around 300 paintings, alongside approximately 300 etchings and over 2,000 drawings, making him one of the most prolific artists of the Dutch Golden Age. His body of work covers an extraordinary range of themes, including portraits of wealthy patrons, intimate biblical scenes, mythological subjects and atmospheric landscapes. Among the most celebrated Rembrandt paintings are his nearly 80 self-portraits, which stand out as a remarkable visual autobiography, documenting the progression of his life, from his youthful confidence to the contemplative introspection of his later years.
These self-portraits, painted over the course of four decades, not only showcase Rembrandt’s evolving artistic technique but also provide deep insight into his character, emotions and personal struggles. His skillful use of light and shadow and his emotional depth are present throughout his diverse oeuvre, cementing his legacy as one of the most influential artists in Western art history.
What are the most valuable Rembrandt paintings?
One of the most valuable Rembrandt paintings is The Standard Bearer (1636) which sold for a whopping 175 million Euros (around 193 million dollars) in 2021. Other high-value works include Portrait of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit (1634), which each sold for $96 million in 2016, making them one of the most expensive Old Master paintings ever sold.
However, the most expensive painting is likely The Night Watch (1642). The City of Amsterdam owns this painting, which is considered priceless.
Where are Rembrandt's paintings located?
Rembrandt paintings are displayed in major museums around the world. The Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam houses his most famous piece, The Night Watch. Other significant collections can be found in the Louvre (Paris), the Hermitage Museum (St. Petersburg), the National Gallery (London) and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York).
The top Rembrandt paintings can also be seen in smaller museums and private collections worldwide. It is well worth visiting one of these museums to see a Rembrandt alone. These pieces are precious works of art, and the likelihood of finding Rembrandt paintings for sale and being able to afford it yourself is very low. You should also take the opportunity to view Vermeer paintings, Caravaggio paintings and other famous works of historical art.
Top Rembrandt Portraits & Paintings
1. Herman Doomer (1640)
Location: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Herman Doomer holds a theme evident in most Rembrandt paintings — contemplation through subtle light. It is a striking portrait of a young man, likely a successful art dealer. Rembrandt captures Doomer in a moment of thoughtful reflection, emphasizing his elegant attire and the rich textures of the fabric. The depth of expression in Doomer's eyes draws the viewer into a contemplative connection with the subject. The subtle use of light on his face highlights his intellect and refinement.
2. Isaac and Rebecca or The Jewish Bride (ca. 1665)
Location: Not on View
Isaac and Rebecca, also known as The Jewish Bride, portrays a romantic and tender scene between the biblical couple. Typical of the top Rembrandt paintings, it uses warm tones and rich textures to convey the intimacy of their relationship. The brushstrokes evoke a feeling of timeless love, making it one of Rembrandt's most admired works. The quiet, loving gesture between the figures speaks to the profound emotional depth of the piece.
3. Susanna (1636)
Location: Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
This is one of the most dramatic Rembrandt paintings and depicts the biblical story of Susanna and the Elders. Rembrandt captures the vulnerability of Susanna as she is spied upon, using light and shadow to create a striking emotional atmosphere. The palpable tension between innocence and danger adds complexity to the scene. The stark contrast between her glowing skin and the ominous darkness heightens the psychological drama.
4. The Polish Rider (ca. 1655)
Location: The Frick Collection, New York
This is one of the top enigmatic Rembrandt paintings and features a horseman dressed in elaborate clothing, symbolizing nobility and status. The striking use of color and light draws the viewer's attention to the rider's expression and the dynamic pose of the horse, leaving the identity of the rider open to interpretation. The landscape’s mysterious, almost otherworldly quality enhances the painting’s enduring intrigue.
5. Six's Bridge (1645)
Location: Not on View
Moving from the top Rembrandt Paintings, this Rembrandt etching captures a peaceful landscape with a bridge over a river. The tranquil atmosphere, combined with Rembrandt's masterful handling of light and water reflections, highlights his exceptional ability to depict nature and everyday scenes. Its subtle beauty reveals Rembrandt’s mastery of the Dutch landscape genre. The calm, meditative composition invites the viewer into a moment of quiet observation.
6. Artist in His Studio (ca. 1628)
Location: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
This is one of the early Rembrandt paintings that offers a glimpse into the artist’s world, as Rembrandt portrays himself surrounded by his tools in his studio. The thoughtful expression and natural light create an intimate setting, reflecting Rembrandt's dedication to his craft and his position as a master of portraiture. The sense of solitude and focus embodies the quiet concentration of artistic creation.
7. Old Man with a Gold Chain (1631)
Location: The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago
This is one of the typical Rembrandt paintings that features an elderly man adorned with a lavish gold chain, exuding wealth and wisdom. The meticulous attention to detail, especially in the textures of the man's clothing and skin, adds depth and character to the piece, showcasing Rembrandt’s prowess. The dignified expression on the man’s face adds a layer of gravitas and introspection to the portrait.
8. Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar (1659)
Self-Portrait with Beret and Turned-Up Collar (CC0)
Location: National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C
This is one of the most introspective Rembrandt paintings. Wearing a beret and a turned-up collar, Rembrandt’s expression reveals his inner thoughts and the wisdom of age. The detailed brushwork captures every nuance of the aging artist’s features, making it a deeply personal work. The soft light on his face emphasizes the passage of time, adding to the portrait’s contemplative nature.
9. The Night Watch (1642)
Location: The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Perhaps one of the most famous Rembrandt paintings, The Night Watch, depicts a lively militia company. The dramatic interplay of light and shadow creates a dynamic sense of movement and depth, making this masterpiece a hallmark of Rembrandt’s artistic genius. The sheer scale and complexity of the work have made it one of the most celebrated paintings in the world. The intense realism and intricate details draw the viewer into the energetic scene.
10. The Storm on the Sea of Galilee (1633)
Location: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (stolen in 1990)
This is another one of the Rembrandt paintings that depicts a biblical story, this time of Jesus calming the storm. The turbulent waves and frantic expressions of the disciples convey a sense of urgency and chaos. The dramatic use of light and shadow underscores the power of nature and the divine, enhancing the emotional intensity of the scene. The contrast between light breaking through the clouds and the dark waters symbolizes hope amidst adversity.
This is the only seascape Rembrandt painting and is one of his largest works, measuring 63 × 50 inches. The painting was once housed in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. However, in the early hours of March 18, 1990, two thieves disguised as police officers broke into the museum and stole thirteen works of art, valued at approximately $500 million, making it the largest property theft in history. Among the missing pieces is The Concert, one of only 34 known paintings by Johannes Vermeer. To this day, the museum continues to display the empty frames of the stolen paintings in their original locations, serving as a reminder of the unsolved heist and in the hopes that the paintings are one day returned to their rightful place.
11. The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (1632)
Location: The Mauritshuis, The Hague
This is one of the most famous Rembrandt paintings and captures a moment of scientific inquiry as Dr. Tulp demonstrates a dissection. The detailed anatomy and attentive expressions of the onlookers showcase Rembrandt’s skill in combining art with medical science. The group’s positioning and the realism in their expressions make this one of Rembrandt's most compelling group portraits. The precise rendering of the body highlights Rembrandt’s mastery of anatomical accuracy.
12. The Return of the Prodigal Son (1669)
Location: The Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
This is another of the Rembrandt paintings that portrays a biblical parable, this time it's of the Prodigal Son's return, illustrating a moment of forgiveness and reconciliation. The emotional depth, conveyed through the father’s gentle embrace and the son's contrition, is enhanced by Rembrandt’s masterful use of warm light and rich tones. The intimate depiction of familial love and forgiveness speaks to universal themes of redemption and grace.
13. Danaë (1636)
Location: The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
Danaë is one of the Rembrandt paintings that moves from the biblical to the mythological. It portrays a nude figure receiving Zeus in the form of golden rain, symbolizing divine love. Rembrandt’s exquisite handling of light and texture on Danaë’s skin and the luxurious surroundings bring a sense of sensuality and divine beauty to this mythological scene. Danaë by Rembrandt gives off a sense of warmth and radiance that evokes a feeling of both human vulnerability and godly intervention.
14. Syndics of the Drapers' Guild (1662)
Location: The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
This is one of the group Rembrandt paintings and portrays members of the Drapers' Guild in a formal meeting. Rembrandt’s use of light and perspective emphasizes the authority and dignity of the guild members, while the careful arrangement of figures and expressions conveys their social and professional importance. The lifelike rendering of their features adds a sense of presence, as though the viewer is witnessing a moment frozen in time.
15. Bathsheba at Her Bath (1654)
Location: The Louvre, Paris
This is one of the sensual Rembrandt paintings that captures Bathsheba in a private moment as she bathes, lost in thought. The soft light accentuates the curves of her form, while the detailed fabric surrounding her adds richness to the scene. Rembrandt’s portrayal of inner conflict and beauty elevates the biblical story to a universal meditation on desire and morality. Her contemplative expression reveals the tension between duty and longing.
16. Self-Portrait with Two Circles (1665)
Location: The Kenwood House, London
This is one of the bold and introspective self-portrait Rembrandt paintings where he appears holding a palette with two circles in the background, symbolizing artistic mastery. His confident pose and expressive face reveal his deep understanding of his craft and his status as a leading artist. The circles, representing perfection and eternity, may allude to Rembrandt’s pursuit of artistic immortality.
17. Belshazzar's Feast (1635)
Location: The National Gallery, London
Yet another of the Rembrandt paintings that depicts a dramatic biblical story, this one is of King Belshazzar witnessing divine writing on the wall. The vibrant colors and dynamic arrangement of figures add urgency to the scene. The swirling motion of the figures and the dramatic use of light enhance the painting’s sense of supernatural intervention. Rembrandt's intricate attention to fabric and detail in the characters' expressions deepens the tension of the moment.
18. Self-Portrait with Dishevelled Hair (1628)
Location: The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
This is one of the youthful Rembrandt paintings that presents the artist with unkempt hair and a candid expression, capturing a moment of introspection. The loose brushwork and naturalistic palette mark the development of Rembrandt's emerging style and showcase his honest self-reflection. The direct gaze and bold experimentation with light show Rembrandt’s early confidence in exploring his identity as an artist.
19. Self-Portrait at the Age of 63 (1669)
Location: The National Gallery, London
This final Rembrandt painting of himself, created near the end of his life, captures the artist in a reflective and thoughtful mood. His expression conveys both wisdom and weariness, while the muted colors emphasize the introspective tone. This is one of the most self-reflective Rembrandt paintings as the self-portrait is not just a depiction of physical aging but also a meditation on the artist’s personal and professional journey. This painting was created the same year that Rembrandt passed away.
You may be wondering, how did Rembrandt die? The truth is, there is no official record of his cause of death, though it is believed to be from an unknown illness. Rembrandt passed away about a year after the death of his only surviving son. Many scholars blame grief and a hard life, plagued by financial loss and mental illness.
20. A Lady and Gentleman in Black (1633)
Location: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (stolen in 1990)
This is one of the most elegant Rembrandt paintings that depicts a couple dressed in sophisticated black attire. The intricate detailing of their clothing and the contrast of light on their faces reveal Rembrandt's skill in rendering texture and character. The subtle contrast between the couple's solemn expressions and the luxurious fabrics creates a portrait of understated wealth and social status.
You’ll likely never hear this piece listed as one of the Rembrandt paintings for sale. It was one of the 13 pieces stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in 1990.
21. The Abduction of Europa (1632)
Location: Getty Museum, Los Angeles
This is one of the dynamic Rembrandt paintings that illustrates the mythological tale of Europa's abduction by Zeus, who disguised himself as a bull to carry her away. The vivid use of color and movement captures the drama of the moment as Europa, seated on the bull, looks back in distress while her companions react in shock. Rembrandt's masterful manipulation of light enhances the intensity of the scene, illuminating Europa’s flowing garments and the bull’s powerful form. The combination of myth, emotion and energy makes The Abduction of Europa a compelling example of early Rembrandt paintings.
Rembrandt's legacy and his masterful body of work continue to captivate art lovers and historians alike. His unparalleled ability to capture human emotion, play with light and shadow and bring complex narratives to life has made him one of the most iconic artists in history. As you explore museums or learn more about art, understanding Rembrandt's contributions will deepen your appreciation for both his paintings and prepare you to take your own oil painting for beginners class.
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